The Science of TPA

We might be the new kid on the block when it comes to our product, but we come with decades of science, research and clinical data to back us up.

T Cells, the Thymus Gland and Thymic Protein A

T cells are a very important type of white blood cell as they play a central role in the adaptive immune response and can be distinguished from other white blood cells by the presence of a T cell receptor (TCR) on their surface.

Born from hematopoietic stem cells, T cells originate in the bone marrow, then migrate to the thymus gland to develop. After migration, the naive cells mature into several distinct types of T cells. Each group of T cell subtypes have a variety of important functions in controlling and shaping the immune response.

In order to mature, a specific protein, created in the thymus gland, must bind to the T cell receptor. This protein, discovered by Dr. Beardsley, is known as Thymic Protein A.

As with humans, a dog's thymus begins to atrophy as it ages, producing less and less of this essential protein. Twell, with Thymic Protein A, helps fill this gap; picking up where the thymus left off and providing the necessary TPA to help keep your dog's T cells at their optimal levels.

Twell: TPA Health Supplement for Dogs
Twell: TPA Health Supplement for Dogs

A Brief History of TPA

The Early Years: Discovery

  • 1975 - Original mouse cell line, producing TPA, established
  • 1980 - Full characterization of the protein
  • 1983 - Dr. Beardsley's work published in PNAS
  • 1991 - Bovine TPA-producing cell line established

Human Dietary Supplement

  • 1994 - Launch of private-label human dietary supplement
  • 1997 - Surpasses the 1 Million mark of TPA packets sold
  • 1997 - Original composition of matter patent issued
  • 1999 - Formation of Genicel, Inc.
  • 2000 - Launching of the ProBoost brand
  • 2002 - Surpass the 5 Million mark of TPA packets sold

Expanding to Animal Health

  • 2003 - T-Cyte Therapeutics incorporated
  • 2006 - T-Cyte's injectable biologic (LTCI) approved by USDA
  • 2006 - TPA proven to be an immune modulating protein
  • 2007 - Launch of LTCI for feline conditions, FIV and FeLV
  • 2007 - Patent issued for Method to Enhance Hematopoiesis

From Cats to Dogs

  • 2009 - LTCI arthritis studies begin in rodents
  • 2010 - Patent issued for Methods to Treat T-Cell Disorders
  • 2011 - ProBoost passes 10 Million TPA packets sold
  • 2012 - LTCI arthritis studies begin in canines
  • 2012 - Patent issued for Method to Treat Inflammation
  • 2015 - LTCI injectable approved for Canine OA

Supplement Expansion

  • 2020 - ProBoost launches first tabletized version of TPA
  • 2020 - Formation of Eastman Naturals, Inc. (ENI)
  • 2021 - ENI begins exploration of animal supplement market
  • 2023 - ProBoost launches first encapsulated version of TPA

The Launch of Twell

  • 2023 - ENI joins the National Animal Supplement Council
  • 2024 - NASC approves Eastman Naturals' membership
  • 2024 - NASC reviews Twell health supplement for dogs
  • 2024 - Launch of Twell brand health supplements

Published Studies, Papers & Reports

Thymic Protein A and its effects on the immune system have been researched, studied and written about for decades. Below are several samples of those works.

  • 1983 - Induction of T-Cell Maturation by a Cloned Line of Thymic Epithelium, PNAS
  • 1984 - Hays and Beardsley Publication on Human Thymic Epithelial Cell Lines
  • 1987 - Pfiefer, et al. Confirming and Extending Previous (1983) PNAS data
  • 1986-1987 - Rabies and Distemper Vaccine Enhanced Efficacy, SmithKline Animal Health
  • 1991 - FIV Therapeutic Study
  • 1992 - Enhancement of FIV Vaccine Efficacy, Solvay Animal Health
  • 1994 - Reduction of Viral Load Study in FIV, University of Utrecht
  • 1996-1997 - Phase 1 Study in AIDS Patients
  • 1997 - Thymic Protein A, Life Extension Magazine
  • 2001 - Rosenbaum et al., Chronic Fatigue Study
  • 2002 - Teitelbaum Article on Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Townsend Letter
  • 2004 - Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Study, University of Frankfurt
  • 2007 - Gingerich Review of the Immunopharmacology of a New Veterinary Biologic
  • 2009 - Preliminary Study of LTCI Therapy for FIV
  • 2009-2010 - Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Field Study in FeLV-Infected Cats
  • 2012 - Ehrenzweig, et al., LTCI for Dogs with Osteoarthritis
Twell: TPA Health Supplement for Dogs